Glossary
Market, IPO, and SEBI terms explained simply.
IPO & market terms
GMP (Grey-Market Premium): an unofficial, indicative estimate of listing demand. Indicative only — not advice.
QIB / NII / Retail: investor categories in an IPO (Qualified Institutional Buyers, Non-Institutional Investors, retail individuals).
Lot size: the minimum number of shares you can apply for / trade.
Subscription (e.g. 2.5x): how many times the offered shares were applied for.
RHP: Red Herring Prospectus — the official IPO offer document.
Fundamentals
P/E (Price-to-Earnings): price per share ÷ earnings per share — a valuation multiple.
ROE (Return on Equity): net profit ÷ shareholder equity — profitability of capital.
Debt-to-Equity: total debt ÷ equity — leverage / balance-sheet risk.
Market cap: share price × total shares — the company's market value.
Regulatory
RA / IA: SEBI-registered Research Analyst / Investment Adviser.
SCORES: SEBI's free online complaint redressal system.
DPDP Act 2023: India's data-protection law governing how your personal data is handled.